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LlamaGym — agentic threat model

8.8AIVSS 8.8 · High

LlamaGym is an open-source reinforcement learning framework for LLM agents, presenting high non-determinism and risk of reward-hacking, primarily operating in experimental developer environments with minimal built-in security controls.

OWASP AIVSS score rationale

AIVSS = (CVSS_Base + AARS) × Mitigation_Factor, where AARS = (10 − CVSS_Base) × (Factor_Sum / 10) × ThM
CVSS base 7.8AARS uplift 0.99Factor sum 4.5/10Threat ×1.0Mitigation ×1.0
Autonomy of Action
0.40
Goal-Driven Planning
0.50
Self-Modification
0.60
Dynamic Tool Use
0.30
Persistent Memory
0.40
Contextual Awareness
0.50
Dynamic Identity
0.10
Multi-Agent Interactions
0.20
Non-Determinism
0.80
Opacity & Reflexivity
0.70

Scored with the canonical OWASP AIVSS formula (AIVSS calculator reference); agentic risk factors estimated from the agent’s described capabilities.

MAESTRO 7-layer threat model

Per-layer threats for this agent. Layers tagged “not certain from listing” are general, caveated commentary where the public description didn’t pin that layer.

L1 · Foundation Models✓ mapped

LlamaGym directly facilitates the fine-tuning of foundation models using RL. The primary threats at this layer are model reprogramming, mis-aligned outputs, and reward hacking, where the LLM optimizes for mathematical rewards over intended behaviors.

L2 · Data Operations✓ mapped

Data operations involve managing environment observations, actions, and reward trajectories. Threats include training data poisoning and reward signal manipulation, which can permanently corrupt the agent's policy during the RL loop.

L3 · Agent Frameworks✓ mapped

As an agent framework, LlamaGym provides the core orchestration loop and agent abstraction classes. Vulnerabilities here include insecure tool/environment integration, where a simulated environment could execute malicious code or exploit framework-level state tracking.

L4 · Deployment & Infrastructure⚠ not certain from listing

Not certain from the listing — LlamaGym is an open-source library likely run on local developer machines or private cloud GPU clusters. Infrastructure threats depend entirely on the user's deployment setup and whether untrusted RL environments are properly sandboxed.

L5 · Evaluation & Observability✓ mapped

The framework focuses heavily on hyperparameter tuning and experimentation. The main threat is evaluation gaming, where flawed reward functions pass automated validation metrics despite producing insecure or unstable agent behaviors.

L6 · Security & Compliance (cross-cutting)⚠ not certain from listing

Not certain from the listing — As a free, open-source technology framework, there are no built-in enterprise security controls, access management, or compliance frameworks (like SOC2 or ISO) mentioned.

L7 · Agent Ecosystem⚠ not certain from listing

Not certain from the listing — The framework is designed for standardizing single-agent RL training in Gym-compatible environments; multi-agent ecosystem interactions or marketplace dynamics are not explicitly supported out-of-the-box.

MAESTRO — the 7-layer agentic threat-modeling framework (Cloud Security Alliance / Ken Huang).