Bolna — agentic threat model
Bolna is an open-source framework for voice-driven LLM agents, presenting unique risks around voice-based prompt injection (VUI) and unauthorized tool execution during real-time conversations. Its overall risk is highly dependent on the developer's deployment practices, as the listing does not specify built-in security guardrails.
OWASP AIVSS score rationale
| Autonomy of Action | 0.60 | |
| Goal-Driven Planning | 0.40 | |
| Self-Modification | 0.10 | |
| Dynamic Tool Use | 0.50 | |
| Persistent Memory | 0.40 | |
| Contextual Awareness | 0.60 | |
| Dynamic Identity | 0.20 | |
| Multi-Agent Interactions | 0.30 | |
| Non-Determinism | 0.70 | |
| Opacity & Reflexivity | 0.60 |
Scored with the canonical OWASP AIVSS formula (AIVSS calculator reference); agentic risk factors estimated from the agent’s described capabilities.
MAESTRO 7-layer threat model
Per-layer threats for this agent. Layers tagged “not certain from listing” are general, caveated commentary where the public description didn’t pin that layer.
Not certain from the listing — Bolna is a framework and does not specify a default foundation model, though it supports LLMs for voice agents. Threats depend on the chosen LLM (adversarial examples, misaligned outputs).
Not certain from the listing — Bolna handles voice conversational data, but the specific vector stores or RAG data operations depend on the developer's implementation.
As an orchestration framework for voice agents, Bolna manages voice-to-text, LLM orchestration, and text-to-speech. Primary threats include insecure tool integration, prompt injection via voice (VUI injection), and framework-level vulnerabilities.
Not certain from the listing — As an open-source framework, deployment (hosting, sandboxing, secrets management) is handled entirely by the deploying developer.
Not certain from the listing — The listing does not detail built-in evaluation, guardrails, or logging mechanisms for the voice agents.
Not certain from the listing — No specific compliance certifications (like SOC2) or built-in auth policies are mentioned in this brief directory listing.
Not certain from the listing — While it builds voice agents, there is no mention of a multi-agent marketplace or native A2A interaction protocols in the description.
MAESTRO — the 7-layer agentic threat-modeling framework (Cloud Security Alliance / Ken Huang).